1    On the 22d day of the third month, May,[1] in the eponym
     of Dagan-bel-ussur,[2] withdrew from Calach; I passed the
     Tigris at its nearer bank
2    and received a large tribute; at Tabite I made a halt; on the
     6th day of the fourth month, June,[3] I withdrew from
     Tabite and skirted the banks of Kharmis;
3    at the town of Magarizi I made a halt; withdrew from it
     and passed along by the banks of the Chaboras and halted
     at Sadikanni;
4    the tribute due from Sadikanni, silver, gold, tin, _kam_ of
     copper, oxen, sheep, I received and quitted the place.
5    At the city of Katni I made a halt; the tribute of Sunaya
     I received, and from Katni withdrew;
6    at Dar-Kumlimi[4] halted; withdrew from it and halted at
     Bit-Halupe, whose tribute
7    of silver, gold, tin, _kam_ of copper, vestments of wool and
     linen, oxen and sheep I received, and withdrew from it;
8    at the city of Zirki I made a halt; the tribute of Zirki,
     silver, gold, tin, oxen,
9    sheep, I received; withdrew from Zirki; halted at Zupri,
     whose tribute
10   of silver, gold, tin, _kami_, oxen, sheep, I received; withdrew
     from Zupri and halted at Nagarabani,
11   whose tribute in silver, gold, tin, _kami_, oxen, sheep, I
     received and withdrew from it;
12   near Khindani, situated on the nearer banks of the Euphrates
     I halted;
13   the tribute of Khindani, silver, gold, tin, _kami_, oxen, sheep,
     I received. From Khindani
14   I withdrew; at the mountains over against the Euphrates[5]
     I halted; I withdrew from those mountains and halted at
     Bit-Sabáya near the town of Haridi
15   situate on the nearer bank of the Euphrates. From Bit-Sabáya
     I withdrew; at the commencement of the town of
     Anat[6]
16   I made a halt. Anat is situated in the midst of the Euphrates.
     From Anat I withdrew. The city of Zuru the
     fortified city of
17   Sadudu of the land of Zuhi I besieged: to the numerous
     warriors of the spacious land of the Kassi he trusted and
     to make war and battle to my presence advanced;
l8   the city I besieged; two days I was engaged in fighting; I
     made good an entrance: (then) through fear[7] of my
     mighty arms Sadudu and his soldiers
19   for the preservation of his life, into the Euphrates threw
     himself: I took the city; 50 _bit-hallu_[8] and their soldiers
     in the service of Nabu-bal-idin King of Kardunias;
20   Zabdanu his brother with 300 of his soldiers and Bel-bal-idin
     who marched at the head of their armies I captured,
     together with them
21   many soldiers I smote down with my weapons; silver, gold,
     tin, precious stone of the mountains,[9] the treasure of his
     palace,
22   chariots, horses trained to the yoke, trappings for men and
     horses, the women of his palace, his spoil,
23   in abundance I carried off; the city I pulled down and razed;
     ordinances and edicts I imposed on Zuhi; the fear of my
     dominion to Kardunias reached;
24   the greatness of my arms overwhelmed Chaldæa;[10] on the
     countries of the banks of the Euphrates my impetuous
     soldiers I sent forth; an image
25   of my person I made; decrees and edicts upon it I inscribed;
     in Zuri I put it up, I Assur-nasir-pal, a King who
     has enforced his laws
26   (and) decrees and who to the sword hath directed his face
     to conquests and alliances hath raised his heart. While
     I was stationed at Calach
27   they brought me news that the population of Laqai and
     Khindanu of the whole land of Zukhi had revolted and
     crossed the Euphrates
28   on the eighteenth of May[11] I withdrew from Calach; passed
     the Tigris, took the desert to Zúri
29   by Bit-Halupí I approached in ships belonging to me which
     I had taken at Zúri: I took my way to the sources of the
     Euphrates;
30   the narrows of the Euphrates I descended, the cities of
     Khintiel and Aziel in the land of Laqai I took; their soldiers
     I slew; their spoil
31   I carried off; the cities I overthrew, razed, burned with
     fire. In my expedition marching westward of the banks of
     the Chaboras to
32   the city Zibate of Zuhi, cities on the other side of the
     Euphrates in the land of Laqai I overthrew, devastated and
     burned with fire; their crops I seized 460 soldiers
33   their fighting men by (my) weapons I destroyed; I took
     20 alive and impaled them on stakes;[12] on ships which I
     had built--
34   in 20 ships which were drawn up on the sand at Haridi
     I crossed the Euphrates. The land of Zuhaya and Laqai
35   and the city of Khindanai[13] to the power of their chariots
     armies and hands trusted and summoned 6,000 of their
     soldiers to engage in fight and battle.
36   They came to close quarters; I fought with them; I
     effected their overthrow; I destroyed their chariots 6,500
     of their warriors I smote down by my weapons; the remainder
37   in starvation in the desert of the Euphrates I shut up.
     From Haridi in Zukhi to Kipina and the cities of Khin-danai[13]
38   in Laqai on the other side I occupied; their fighting men
     I slew; the city I overthrew razed and burned. Aziel of
     Laqai
39   trusted to his forces and took possession of the heights
     of Kipina; I gave them battle; at the city of Kipina I
     effected his overthrow; 1,000 of his warriors I slew;
40   his chariots I destroyed; spoil I carried off in plenty;
     their gods I took away; for the preservation of his life he
     took refuge on a rugged hill of Bizuru at the sources of
     the Euphrates;
41   for two days I descended the river in pursuit: the relics
     of his army with my weapons I destroyed; their hiding
     place by the hills on the Euphrates I broke up;
42   to the cities of Dumite and Azmú belonging to the son of
     Adini[14] I went down after him; his spoil, his oxen, his
     sheep,
43   which like the stars of heaven were without number I
     carried off.
     In those days Ila of Laqai, his swift chariots and 500
     soldiers
44   to my land of Assyria I transported; Dumutu and Azmu
     I captured, overthrew, razed and burned; in the narrows of
     the Euphrates I turned aside in my course and
45   I outflanked Aziel, who fled before my mighty power to
     save his life. Ila; the Prince of Laqai, his army his chariots,
     his harness,
46   I carried off and took to my city of Assur: Khimtiel of
     Laqai I made prisoner in his own city. Through the might
     of Assur my Lord, (and) in the presence of my mighty
     arms and the formidable attack
47   of my powerful forces he was afraid, and I received the
     treasures of his palaces, silver, gold, tin, copper, _kam_ of
     copper, vestments of wool, his abundant spoil; and tribute
48   and impost in addition to what I had previously fixed I laid
     upon them; in those days I slew 50 buffaloes in the neighborhood
     of the nearer side of the Euphrates: eight buffaloes
     I caught alive;
49   I killed 20 eagles, and captured others alive: I founded two
     cities on the Euphrates; one on the farther bank
50   of the Euphrates which I named Dur-Assur-nasir-pal; one
     on the nearer bank which I named Nibarti-Assur. On the
     20th of May[16] I withdrew from Calach;
51   I crossed the Tigris; to the land of Bit-Adini I went; to
     their strong city of Katrabi I approached, a city exceedingly
     strong, like a storm rushing from heaven,[17]
52   the soldiers confided to their numerous troops, and would
     not submit and accept my yoke: in honor of Assur the great
     Lord, my Lord, and the god the great protector going before
     me, I besieged the city
53   by the warlike engines[18] on foot and strong, the city I
     captured; many of their soldiers I slew; 800 of their fighting
     men I dispersed; their spoil and property I carried off,
     2,400 of their warriors
54   I transported away and detained them at Calach; the city
     I overthrew razed and burnt; the fear of the approach of
     Assur my Lord over Bit-Adini I made good.
55   In those days the tribute of Ahuni son of Adini of Habini,
     of the city of Tul-Abnai,[19] silver, gold, tin,[20] copper,
     vestments of wool and linen, wood for bridges,
56   cedar wood, the treasures of his palace I received; their
     hostages I took, _rimutu_[21] I imposed upon them.
     In the month April[22] and on the eighth day I quitted
     Calach; the Tigris
57   I passed; to Carchemish[23] in Syria I directed my steps; to
     Bit-Bakhiani I approached; the tribute due from the son[24]
     of Bakhiani, swift chariots, horses, silver,
58   gold, tin, copper, _kami_ of copper, I received; the chariots
     and warlike engines of the officer of the son of Bakhiani I
     added to my magazines;
59   I menaced the land of Anili: the tribute of Hu-immi of
     Nilaya, swift war chariots, horses, silver, gold, tin,[25]
     copper,
60   _kami_ of copper, oxen, sheep, horses, I received; the
     chariots and warlike instruments of the officer I added to my
     magazines. From Anili I withdrew; to Bit-Adini I approached;
61   the tribute of Ahuni son of Adini, silver, gold, tin,[5] copper,
     wood of _ereru_ and _rabaz_, horns, _sai_-wood, horns[26]
62   of thrones horns of silver, and gold, _sari_, bracelets of gold,
     _sahri_ fastenings for covers of gold, scabbards of gold, oxen,
     sheep, goats as his tribute I received;
63   the chariots and warlike engines of the officer of Ahuni I
     added to my magazines. In those days I received the tribute
     of Habini of Tul-Abnai, four maneh of silver and 400
     sheep;
64   ten maneh of silver for his first year as tribute I imposed
     upon him: from Bit-Adini I withdrew; the Euphrates, in a
     difficult part of it, I crossed in ships of hardened skins:
65   I approached the land of Carchemish: the tribute of Sangara
     King of Syria, twenty talents of silver, _sahri_ gold, bracelets
     of gold, scabbards of gold, 100 talents
66   of copper, 250 talents of annui _kami, harlate, nirmakate
     kibil_[27] of copper, the extensive furniture of his palace,
67   of incomprehensible perfection[28] different kinds of woods,[29]
     _ka_ and _sara_, 200 female slaves, vestments of wool,
68   and linen; beautiful black coverings, beautiful purple coverings,
     precious stones, horns of buffaloes, white[30] chariots,
     images of gold, their coverings, the treasures of his
     Royalty, I received of him;
69   the chariots and warlike engines of the General of Carchemish
     I laid up in my magazines; the Kings of all those
     lands who had come out against me received my yoke; their
     hostages I received;
70   they did homage in my presence; to the land of Lebanon[31]
     I proceeded. From Carchemish I withdrew and marched
     to the territory of Munzigani and Harmurga:
71   the land of Ahanu I reduced; to Gaza[32] the town of Lubarna[33]
     of the Khatti I advanced; gold and vestments of
     linen I received:
72   crossing the river Abrie I halted and then leaving that
     river approached the town of Kanulua a royal city belonging
     to Lubarna of the Khatti:
73   from before my mighty arms and my formidable onset he
     fled in fear, and for the saving of his life submitted to my
     yoke; twenty talents of silver, one talent of gold,
74   100 talents in tin, 100 talents in _annui_, 1,000 oxen, 10,000
     sheep, 1,000 vestments of wool, linen, _nimati_ and _ki_
     woods coverings,
75   _ahuzate_ thrones, _kui_ wood, wood for seats, their
     coverings, _sarai, zueri_-wood, horns of _kui_ in abundance,
     the numerous utensils of his palace, whose beauty
76   could not be comprehended:[34] ... _pagatu_(?)[35] from
     the wealth of great Lords as his tribute
77   I imposed upon him; the chariots and warlike engines of
     the land of the Khatti I laid up in my magazines; their
     hostages I took.
     In those days (I received) the tribute of Guzi
78   of the land of Yahanai, silver, gold, tin,[36] ... oxen,
     sheep, vestments of wool and linen I received: from Kunalua
     the capital of Lubarna I withdrew,
79   of the land of the Khatti, crossed the Orontes,[37] and after
     a halt left it, and to the borders
80   of the land of Yaraki and of Yahturi I went round: the
     land[38] ... had rebelled: from the Sangura after a
     halt I withdrew;
81   I made a detour to the lands of Saratini and Girpani[39]
     ... I halted and advanced to Aribue a fortified city
     belonging to Lubarna of the land of the Khatti:
82   the city I took to myself; the wheats and barleys of Luhuti
     I collected; I allowed his palace to be sacked and settled
     Assyrians there.[40]
83   While I was stationed at Aribua, I captured the cities of the
     land of Luhiti and slew many of their soldiers; overthrew
     razed and burned them with fire;
84   the soldiers whom I took alive I impaled on stakes close
     by their cities.
     In those days I occupied the environs of Lebanon; to the
     great sea
85   of Phoenicia[41] I went up: up to the great sea my arms I
     carried: to the gods I sacrificed; I took tribute of the
     Princes of the environs of the sea-coast,
86   of the lands of Tyre, Sidon, Gebal, Maacah[42] Maizai Kaizai,
     of Phoenicia and Arvad
87   on the sea-coast--silver, gold, tin, copper, _kam_ of copper,
     vestments of wool and linen, _pagutu_[43] great and small,
88   strong timber, wood of _ki_[44] teeth of dolphins, the produce
     of the sea, I received as their tribute: my yoke they accepted;
     the mountains of Amanus[45] I ascended; wood for
     bridges,
89   pines, box, cypress, _li_-wood, I cut down; I offered sacrifices
     for my gods; a trophy[46] of victory I made, and in a
     central place I erected it;
90   _gusuri_-wood, cedar wood from Amanus I destined for
     Bit-Hira,
     and my pleasure house called Azmaku, for the temple
     of the Moon and Sun the exalted gods.
91   I proceeded to the land of Iz-mehri, and took possession
     of it throughout: I cut down beams for bridges of _mehri_
     trees, and carried them to Nineveh; (and)
92   to Istar Lady of Nineveh (on) my knees I knelt.[47] In the
     eponym of Samas-nuri[48] in the honor of the great Lord
     Assur my Lord on the 20th of April[49]
93   from Calach I withdrew--crossed the Tigris--descended
     to the land of Kipani, and there, in the city of Huzirina,
     received the tribute of the governors of its cities.
94   While stationed at Huzirana I received the tribute of
     Ittiel of Nilaya, Giridadi of Assaya, in silver
95   gold, oxen, sheep. In those days I received the tribute in
     beams for bridges, cedar wood, silver, gold of Qatuzili
96   of Commagene[50]--withdrew from Huzirina and took my
     way upward along the banks of the Euphrates; to Kubbu.[51]
97   I crossed over into the midst of the towns of Assa in
     Kirkhi over against Syria. The cities of Umalie and
     Khiranu
98   powerful cities centrally situated in Adani I captured; numbers
     of their soldiers I slew; spoil beyond reckoning
99   I carried off; the towns I overthrew and demolished; 150
     cities of their territory I burned with fire; then from Khiranu
100  I withdrew; I passed over to the environs of the land of
     Amadani; I went down among the cities of Dirrie, and
     the cities within the lands of
101  Amadani and Arquanie I burned with fire: Mallanu which
     is in the middle of Arquanie I took as my own possession;
     I withdrew from Mallanu
102  to the cities of Zamba on the sandy outskirt, which I
     burned with fire: I passed the river Sua, proceeding up
     to the Tigris whose cities
103  on those banks and on these banks of the Tigris in Arkanie
     to a heap I reduced: its waters overflowed all Kirkhi: my
     yoke they took;
104  their hostages I exacted; a Viceroy of my own I appointed
     over them: in the environs of the land of Amadani I
     arrived: at Barza-Nistun
105  To Dandamusa the fortified city of Ilani son of Zamani
     I drew near and laid siege to it: my warriors like birds
     of prey rushed upon them;
106  600 of their warriors I put to the sword and decapitated;
     400 I took alive;
107  3,000 captives I brought forth; I took possession of the
     city for myself: the living soldiers, and heads to the city
     of Amidi[52] the royal city, I sent;
108  heaps of the heads close by his great gate I piled; the
     living soldiers I crucified on crosses[53] at the gates of the
     town;
109  inside the gates I made carnage; their forests I cut down;[54]
     from Amidi I withdrew toward the environs of Kasyari;
     the city of Allabzie
110  to whose rocks and stones no one among the Kings my
     fathers had ever made approach, I penetrated; to the town
     of Uda the fortress of Labduri son of Dubuzi
111  I approached and besieged the city with _bilsi_(?) strengthened
     and marching; the city I captured;[55] ... soldiers[56] ... with my
     weapons I destroyed; 570 soldiers
112  I captured; 3,000 captives I took forth; soldiers alive I
     caught; some I impaled on stakes;[57] of others
113  the eyes I put out: the remainder I carried off to Assur
     and took the city as my own possession--I who am Assur-nasir-pal
     mighty King, King of Assyria son of Tuklat-Adar, (Tuklat-Ninip)
114  great King, powerful King, King of legions, King of
     Assyria son of Vul-nirari[58] great King, mighty King,
     King of legions, King of Assyria, noble warrior, who in
     the service of Assur his Lord proceeded, and among the
     Kings of the four regions,
115  has no equal, a Prince[59] (giving) ordinances, not fearing
     opponents, mighty unrivalled leader, a Prince subduer of
     the disobedient, who all
116  the thrones of mankind has subdued; powerful King
     treading over the heads of his enemies, trampling on the
     lands of enemies, breaking down the assemblages of the
     wicked; who in the service of the great gods
117  his Lords marched along; whose hand hath taken possession
     of all their lands, laid low the forests of all of them,
     and received their tributes, taking hostages (and) imposing
     laws
118  upon all those lands; when Assur the Lord proclaimer
     of my name, aggrandizer of my Royalty, who added his
     unequivocal service to the forces of my government
119  I destroyed the armies of the spacious land of Lúlumi.
     In battle by weapons I smote them down. With the help
     of the Sun-god
120  and Yav, the gods in whom I trust, I rushed upon the
     armies of Nairi, Kirkhi Subariya and Nirbi like Yav the
     inundator;[60]
121  a King who from the other side the Tigris to the land of
     Lebanon and the great sea has subjugated to his yoke the
     entire land of Lakie and the land of Zukhi as far as the
     city Rapik;
122  to whose yoke is subjected (all) from the sources of the
     Zupnat to the frontiers of Bitani; from the borders of
     Kirruri to Kirzani;
123  from beyond the Lower Zab to the town of Tulsa-Zabdani
     and the town of Tul-Bari beyond the land of Zaban as far
     as the towns of Tul-sa-Zabdani and
124  Tul-sa-Abtani; Harimu, Harutu in Birate of Kardunias[61]
     to the borders of my land I added; (the inhabitants) of
     the territory of Babite
125  with Khasmar among the people of my own country I
     accounted: in the countries which I held I established a
     deputy: they performed homage: submission
126  I imposed upon them; I, Assur-nasir-pal, great, noble, worshipper
     of the great gods, generous, great, mighty
     possessors of cities and the forests of all their domains,
     King of Lords, consumer of
127  the wicked _taskaru_ invincible, who combats injustice,
     Lord of all Kings, King of Kings, glorious, upholder of
     Bar (Ninip) the warlike, worshipper
128  of the great gods, a King who, in the service of Assur
     and Ninip, gods in whom he trusted, hath marched royally,
     and wavering lands and Kings his enemies in all their
     lands
129  to his yoke hath subdued, and the rebels against Assur,
     high and low, hath opposed and imposed on them impost
     and tribute--Assur-nasir-pal
130  mighty King, glory of the Moon-god[62] worshipper of Anu,
     related[63] to Yav, suppliant of the gods, an unyielding
     servant, destroyer of the land of his foes; I, a King vehement
     in war,
131  destroyer of forests and cities, chief over opponents, Lord
     of four regions, router of his enemies in strong lands and
     forests, and who Kings mighty and fearless from the rising
132  to the setting of the sun to my yoke subjugated.

     The former city of Calach which Shalmaneser King of
     Assyria going before me, had built--
133  that city was decayed and reduced to a heap of ruins: that
     city I built anew; the people captured by my hand of the
     countries which I had subdued, Zukhi and Lakie,
134  throughout their entirety, the town of Sirku on the other
     side of the Euphrates, all Zamua, Bit-Adini, the Khatti,
     and the subjects of Liburna I collected within, I made
     them occupy.[64]
135  A water-course from the Upper Zab I dug and called it
     Pati-kanik: timber upon its shores I erected: a choice of
     animals to Assur my Lord and (for) the Chiefs of my
     realm I sacrificed;
136  the ancient mound I threw down: to the level of the water
     I brought it: 120 courses on the low level I caused it
     to go: its wall I built; from the ground to the summit I
     built (and) completed.


[Additional clauses are found on the monolith inscription in the British
Museum. They are not, however, of any great importance and amount to
little more than directions for the preservation and reparation of the
palace, with imprecations upon those who should at any time injure the
buildings. On this same monolith is found an invocation to the great gods
of the Assyrian Pantheon: namely, to Assur, Anu, Hea, Sin [the Moon],
Merodach, Yav Jahve, Jah[?], Ninip, Nebo, Beltis, Nergal, Bel-Dagon, Samas
[the Sun], Istar.]

[Footnote 1: Sivan.]

[Footnote 2: 878 B.C.]

[Footnote 3: Heb. "Tammuz," Assyr. "Duwazu."]

[Footnote 4: A city in Mesopotamia.]

[Footnote 5: "Burattu." In Hebrew (Gen. ii. 14). "Phrat."]

[Footnote 6: Dr. Oppert renders this "Anatho."]

[Footnote 7: Literally, "from the face of."]

[Footnote 8: Probably military engines used in sieges.]

[Footnote 9: Or, sadi-stone shining.]

[Footnote 10: "Kaldu." There are fragments existing in the British Museum
of a treaty made between this Nabu-bal-idin, King of Kardunias
(Babylonia), and Shalmaneser, son of Assur-nasir-pal. v. "Trans. Soc. Bib.
Archæol.," i. 77.]

[Footnote 11: The Hebrew Sivan.]

[Footnote 12: Literally, "impaled on stakes." But Dr. Oppert and Mr.
Norris generally adopt the rendering given in the text, I. 108, p. 194.]

[Footnote 13: It will be observed that this city is differently spelled in
line 27. Irregularities of this kind are very frequent, especially in the
termination of proper names.]

[Footnote 14: See note 3, p. 188.]

[Footnote 15: "Ahuni." See l. 61, p. 191.]

[Footnote 16: The Hebrew Sivan.]

[Footnote 17: Or, "as it were situated among the storm-clouds of heaven."]

[Footnote 18: The nature of these engines ("bilsi") is uncertain.]

[Footnote 19: I.e., stony-hill.]

[Footnote 20: Or, lead.]

[Footnote 21: Possibly "humiliation," from the Chaldee "rama."]

[Footnote 22: Airu.]

[Footnote 23: Carchemish. Cf. Jeremiah xlvi. 2.]

[Footnote 24: Tribe(?).]

[Footnote 25: Or, lead.]

[Footnote 26: Some projecting ornament, like "horns of an altar." Cf. Ps.
cxviii. 27; Exod. xxx. 2.]

[Footnote 27: Probably some utensils, as explained by the Hebrew word
"unutu" ("anioth").]

[Footnote 28: Or, with Mr. Norris, "the whole of it was not taken." Dict.,
p. 558.]

[Footnote 29: The words specified are "sa" or "issa," "passur," and
probably "ebony"; the others have not been identified.]

[Footnote 30: Probably "in ivory."]

[Footnote 31: Labnana.]

[Footnote 32: Hazazi.]

[Footnote 33: Prince.]

[Footnote 34: The Inscription is here defaced.]

[Footnote 35: May this be the Hebrew word for garments, "beged"?]

[Footnote 36: Defaced.]

[Footnote 37: Arunte.]

[Footnote 38: Defaced.]

[Footnote 39: Defaced.]

[Footnote 40: Precisely thus: "The King of Assyria brought men from
Babylon ... and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the
children of Israel."--2 Kings xvii. 24.]

[Footnote 41: "Akhari." Heb. [Hebrew: achari].]

[Footnote 42: Literally, Zurai, Sidunai, Gubalai, Makullat.]

[Footnote 43: See p. 192, note 5.]

[Footnote 44: Ebony.]

[Footnote 45: The mountain chain which divides Syria from Cilicia.]

[Footnote 46: Or, proof.]

[Footnote 47: Literally, sat.]

[Footnote 48: I.e., "the sun is my light."]

[Footnote 49: Assyr. "Airu," Heb. "Iyar." 866 B.C.]

[Footnote 50: Literally, Kumukhaya.]

[Footnote 51: Between Carchemish and the Orontes.]

[Footnote 52: Diarbekr, still known by the name of "Kar-Amid." Rawlinson's
"Herodotus," l. 466. The name is of frequent occurrence in early Christian
writers.]

[Footnote 53: See p. 188, note 2.]

[Footnote 54: Cf. Is. x. 34, "He shall cut down the thickets of the forest
with iron"; also Ezek. xxxix. 10.]

[Footnote 55: The inscription is here defaced.]

[Footnote 56: Defaced.]

[Footnote 57: See p. 188, note 2.]

[Footnote 58: The grandfather of Assur-nasir-pal. His reign probably
terminated at 889 B.C.]

[Footnote 59: Literally, shepherd. Thus, Isa. xliv. 28, "Cyrus is my
shepherd."]

[Footnote 60: Cf. Ps. xxix. 10, "The Lord (Jhvh) sitteth upon the flood;
yea the Lord sitteth King forever."]

[Footnote 61: This reads like an annexation of a portion of Babylonian
territory.]

[Footnote 62: Or upholder, proclaimer of Sin, the moon; of. I. 127.]

[Footnote 63: Assyr. "Nalad." Cf. the Heb. yâlad "born of."]

[Footnote 64: Precisely thus were the Israelites carried away to Babylon.]